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THE INFLUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT ON THE NUMBER AND APPEARANCE OF SILVER GRAINS IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC RADIOAUTOGRAPHY

BEATRIX MARKUS KOPRIWA 1

1 Department of Anatomy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Under conditions similar to those in electron microscopic radioautography, the development of three different nuclear track emulsions—Ilford L4, Gevaert 307 and Kodak NTE—was investigated by varying the type of developer, duration of action and temperature. These three factors influence: (1) the number of silver grains produced from exposed silver bromide crystals and, therefore, the sensitivity of the emulsion; (2) the production of a few silver grains from silver bromide crystals, unexposed to radiation from the specimen, that is, the background fog; and (3) the size and shape of the developed silver grains, thus influencing the resolving power. The developed silver grains increase in number and in size with increasing duration of development. After complete development in most developers, the silver grains consist of highly convoluted silver filaments and are 2 or 3 times as large as the original silver bromide crystals. However, small grains may be obtained by brief development in Loveland's and p-phenylenediamine developers, in which case only development centers are revealed. Such small grain development improves resolving power, but decreases the number of developed silver grains, thus reducing sensitivity. The most satisfactory emulsion-developer combination under the conditions of the experiment appears to be Gevaert 307 emulsion developed for 2 min in D-19b. Data are also presented to facilitate the selection of the optimal emulsion-developer combination for various experimental situations.

Submitted on March 20, 1967


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