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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Vol. 45, 1401-1408, Copyright © 1997 by The Histochemical Society, Inc.

ARTICLE

Localization of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activity in the Guinea Pig Cochlea Suggests Involvement in Regulation of Blood Flow and Supporting Cell Physiology

James D. Fessendena and Jochen Schachta
a Department of Biological Chemistry and Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Correspondence to: Jochen Schacht, Kresge Hearing Res. Inst., U. of Michigan, 1301 E. Ann St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506.

Although the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway has many important roles in biology, studies of this system in the mammalian cochlea have focused on the first enzyme in the pathway, nitric oxide synthase (NOS). However, characterization of the NO receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), is crucial to determine the cells targeted by NO and to develop rational hypotheses of the function of this pathway in auditory processing. In this study we characterized guinea pig cochlear sGC by determining its enzymatic activity and cellular localization. In cytosolic fractions of auditory nerve, lateral wall tissues, and cochlear neuroepithelium, addition of NO donors resulted in three- to 15-fold increases in cGMP formation. NO-stimulated sGC activity was not detected in particulate fractions. We also localized cochlear sGC activity through immunocytochemical detection of NO-stimulated cGMP. sGC activity was detected in Hensen's and Deiters' cells of the organ of Corti, as well as in vascular pericytes surrounding small capillaries in the lateral wall tissues and sensory neuroepithelium. sGC activity was not observed in sensory cells. Using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, NOS was localized to pillar cells and nerve fibers underlying hair cells. These results indicate that the NO/cGMP pathway may influence diverse elements of the auditory system, including cochlear blood flow and supporting cell physiology.(J Histochem Cytochem 45:1401-1408, 1997)

Key Words: soluble guanylate cyclase, cochlea, immunohistochemistry, NADPH-diaphorase, cGMP, pericytes, supporting cells, blood flow


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