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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Vol. 46, 1359-1368, December 1998, Copyright © 1998, The Histochemical Society, Inc.

ARTICLE

Immunohistochemical Localization of Carboxypeptidases E and D in the Human Placenta and Umbilical Cord

Sandra E. Reznika, Carolyn M. Salafiaa, Janice M. Lageb, and Lloyd D. Frickerc
a Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
b Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
c Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

Correspondence to: Sandra E. Reznik, PhD; Dept of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Forchheimer Bldg., 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461–2373.

Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is highly concentrated in neuroendocrine tissues and is the only carboxypeptidase detected in mature secretory vesicles. Carboxypeptidase D (CPD), a carboxypeptidase with CPE-like activity, is widely distributed in tissues and is present in the trans-Golgi network. Previous work had shown that both CPE and CPD are expressed in the human placenta and that CPD is expressed at much higher levels than CPE. The present work provides evidence for the co-localization of CPE and CPD to basal plate extravillous trophoblasts and maternal uteroplacental vascular endothelial cells, chorionic villous endothelial cells, amnionic epithelial cells, and umbilical venous and arterial smooth muscle cells. Whereas the intensity of CPD immunostaining is similar in the placenta and umbilical cord, CPE staining in the placenta is much weaker than in the umbilical cord, suggesting that CPD plays a more important role in the processing of placental peptides. Immunoelectron microscopy of umbilical venous smooth muscle cells shows subcellular localization of both enzymes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, CPE is present just subjacent to the cell membrane. The difference in cellular and subcellular localization between the two enzymes indicates that they perform distinct functions in the processing of placental peptides and proteins. (J Histochem Cytochem 46:1359–1367, 1998)

Key Words: carboxypeptidase E (CPE), carboxypeptidase D (CPD), placenta, umbilical cord, immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy


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