Dual Y-chromosome Painting and Immunofluorescence Staining of Archival Human Liver Transplant BiopsiesS. R. Dundasa, S. Boylec, C. O. Bellamya, W. Hawkinsa, O. J. Gardena,b, J. A. Rossa, and W. Bickmoreca Departments of Clinical and Surgical Sciences and Pathology, University of Edinburgh b Scottish Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh c MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland Correspondence to: S. R. Dundas, Dept. Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Lister Place, Edinburgh SCO, EH3 9YW UK. E-mail: srdundas@yahoo.co.uk Combining fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and indirect immunofluorescence staining of protein markers provides a highly specific method for identifying chromosomes in phenotypically defined cells and tissues. We developed a technique enabling dual chromosome painting and immunofluorescence staining of archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material, and used this to phenotype chimeric cells in female-to-male human liver transplants. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:13211322, 2001) Key Words: fluorescence in situ, hybridization, chromosome painting, Y-chromosome chimerism, liver allografts
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