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Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Vol. 49, 491-500, April 2001, Copyright © 2001, The Histochemical Society, Inc.

ARTICLE

Differential Expression of a Stress-modulating Gene, BRE, in the Adrenal Gland, in Adrenal Neoplasia, and in Abnormal Adrenal Tissues

Ji Miaoa, Nirmal S. Panesarb, Kin-Tak Chana, Fernand M.M. Laic, Ning-shao Xiad, Ying-bin Wangd, Philip J. Johnsona, and John Y.H. Chane
a Departments of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
b Chemical Pathology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
c A. and C. Anatomy, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
d Department of Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
e Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei, Taiwan ROC

Correspondence to: John Y.H. Chan, Inst. of Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei 112, Taiwan ROC. E-mail: chanyhjohn@hotmail.com or yhchen@ym.edu.tw

Genes that modulate the action of hormones and cytokines play a critical role in stress response, survival, and in growth and differentiation of cells. Many of these biological response modifiers are responsible for various pathological conditions, including inflammation, infection, cachexia, aging, genetic disorders, and cancer. We have previously identified a new gene, BRE, that is responsive to DNA damage and retinoic acid. Using multiple-tissue dot-blotting and Northern blotting, BRE was recently found to be strongly expressed in adrenal cortex and medulla, in testis, and in pancreas, whereas low expression was found in the thyroid, thymus, small intestine and stomach. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining indicated that BRE was strongly expressed in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, which synthesizes and secretes the mineralocorticoid hormones. It is also highly expressed in the glial and neuronal cells of the brain and in the round spermatids, Sertoli cells, and Ledig cells of the testis, all of which are associated with steroid hormones and/or TNF synthesis. However, BRE expression was downregulated in human adrenal adenoma and pheochromocytoma, whereas its expression was enhanced in abnormal adrenal tissues of rats chronically treated with nitrate or nitrite. These data, taken together, indicate that the expression of BRE is apparently associated with steroids and/or TNF production and the regulation of endocrine functions. BRE may play an important role in the endocrine and immune system, such as the cytokine–endocrine interaction of the adrenal gland. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:491–499, 2001)

Key Words: BRE, adrenal, steroid, stress response, neoplasia


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