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Tissue-based Assay for Ornithine Decarboxylase to Identify Patients Likely to Respond to Difluoromethylornithine

Victor A. Levin, Jacob L. Jochec, Lisa M. Shantz, Patricia E. Koch and Anthony E. Pegg

Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (VAL,JLJ,PEK), and Department of Biochemistry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (LMS,AEP)

Correspondence to: Victor A. Levin, MD, Dept. of Neuro-Oncology, Unit 431, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030-4009. E-mail: vlevin{at}mdanderson.org

In a previous publication, we showed that a clinical trial of DL--difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO), in combination with PCV (procarbazine, CCNU, vincristine) increased survival of patients with anaplastic gliomas (WHO III) but not glioblastoma multiforme (WHO IV). We believe that treatment outcome (survival) is inversely related to tumor ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) levels. To prove this, we needed to develop an assay to quantify ODC levels in formalin-fixed tumor tissues, which would enable a retrospective study of tumor biopsy specimens from the landmark clinical trial. We developed an assay using a specific polyclonal antibody coupled to an Alexa fluorescent dye. Transgenic MHC-ODC mice with differing levels of ODC in heart muscle were used to establish the relationship between mean gray-scale intensity and enzymatic ODC activity. We found a direct relationship between mean gray-scale intensity of the ODC antibody coupled to Alexa 647 dye and enzymatic activity. Preliminary analysis of a human glioma tissue array shows that tumor-specific variations in levels of ODC can be semiquantitated. We show that mean gray-scale intensity of astrocytoma:glioblastoma is 1:6 and of anaplastic astrocytoma:glioblastoma is 1:4. We also compared the intensity of antibody to Ki67 coupled with phycoerythrin simultaneously in cells but failed to see a relationship that crossed histologies. We conclude that we can measure levels of ODC in formalin-fixed tumor tissue using an antibody to ODC coupled to Alexa 647 dye, and this will enable us to conduct a future study to correlate survival of patients with gliomas of different histologies treated with DFMO to tumor ODC levels. (J Histochem Cytochem 52:1467–1474, 2004)

Key Words: DL--difluoromethyl ornithine • tumor ornithine decarboxylase • glioblastoma multiforme • anaplastic astrocytoma • glioma • ODC levels • DFMO

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