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Distribution of Antioxidant Enzymes in Developing Human Lung, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Riitta Kaarteenaho-Wiik and Vuokko L. Kinnula

Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (RK-W), and Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (VLK)

Correspondence to: Riitta Kaarteenaho-Wiik, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, P.O. Box 5000 (Kajaanintie 50), FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Finland. E-mail: Riitta.Kaarteenaho- Wiik{at}oulu.fi

We studied cell-specific protein expression of all the major antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) and related proteins, such as copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese SOD (MnSOD), extracellular SOD (ECSOD), catalase, the heavy and light chains of -glutamylcysteine synthetase (-GCS-l and -GCS-h, also called glutamate cysteine ligase), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and thioredoxin (Trx), in developing human lung, respiratory distress syndrome, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia by immunohistochemistry. Generally, after 17 weeks of gestational age, MnSOD was predominantly expressed in bronchial epithelium, alveolar epithelium, and macrophages, CuZnSOD was expressed in bronchial epithelium, ECSOD was expressed in bronchial epithelium, vascular endothelium, and the extracellular matrix, catalase was expressed in bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophages, -GCS-h was expressed in bronchial epithelium and endothelium, and -GCS-l was expressed in bronchial epithelium. Trx was restricted to bronchial epithelium and to a lesser extent to alveolar macrophages, and HO-1 found in alveolar macrophages. Basically, the expression of these enzymes was similar in normal and diseased lung. It can be concluded that various AOEs and related proteins differ in their distribution and expression in lung before term, but generally it seems that infants are better adapted to high oxygen tension than might be expected.

(J Histochem Cytochem 52:1231–1240, 2004)

Key Words: antioxidant enzymes • lung development • respiratory distress syndrome • bronchopulmonary dysplasia

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