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Integrin-_vß₆, a Putative Receptor for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, Is Constitutively Expressed in Ruminant Airways

Jeremy K. Brown, Sybil M. McAleese, Elisabeth M. Thornton, Judith A. Pate, Alexandra Schock, Alistair I. Macrae, Philip R. Scott, Hugh R.P. Miller and David D.S. Collie

Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, United Kingdom (JKB,SMM,EMT,JAP,AIM,PRS,HRPM,DDSC), and Mammalian Pathology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Lasswade, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian, United Kingdom (AS)

Correspondence to: Dr. Jeremy K. Brown, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK. E-mail: Jeremy.Brown2{at}ed.ac.uk

Evolved functions of integrin-_vß₆ include roles in epithelial cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions and in the binding and activation of latent TGF-ß₁. Integrin-_vß₆ is also exploited as a receptor by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and may play a significant role in its transmission and pathogenesis. The ovine ß₆ integrin subunit was cloned and sequenced (EMBL accession no. AJ439062). Screening of normal ovine tissues by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry confirmed that integrin-_vß₆ is restricted to sheep epithelial cells. Integrin-_vß₆ expression was detected in epithelia of the airways, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, sweat glands, hair follicle sheaths, and the epidermis of pedal coronary band (PB) but not of normal skin. Consistent with FMDV tropism, integrin-_vß₆ was detected within the basal layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa and PB. In addition, integrin-_vß₆ appears to be constitutively expressed in the normal airways of both cattle and sheep. The latter finding suggests that ruminant airway epithelium presents a highly accessible target for initiation of infection with FMDV by inhalation. (J Histochem Cytochem 54:807–816, 2006)

Key Words: picornavirus • TGF-ß₁-latency-associated peptide • vesicular disease

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