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STAINING PROPERTIES OF INDICATOR DYES IN NONAQUEOUS SOLUTION, IN RELATION TO SURFACE ACID AND BASIC STRENGTH OF TISSUE PROTEINS, AND TO METACHROMASIA

BENJAMIN H. LANDING M.D.1 and HAZEL E. WILSON 1

1 From the Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics of the Children's Hospital and Children's Hospital Research Foundation, and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

The staining properties of 69 color indicator dyes and 31 fluorescent indicators in isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) solution were studied. Thirty one of 56 indicators of pK below approximately 6 stained test tissue sections, 25 with the basic color, 2 with the acid color, and 4 with colors difficult to characterize. Conversely, only 10 of 44 indicators with pK's above 6 stained tissue sections, 5 with the acid color, 3 with the basic color, and 2 with unassignable color. This behavior pattern is independent of the chemical nature of the indicator dye, and appears to reflect a general property of the form of combination between tissue proteins and indicator dyes under the conditions used. The findings suggest that this combination has the nature of a salt-link, that staining by most indicator dyes in a nonpolar solvent is related to acceptance of hydrogen ions (protons) by the tissue proteins, that the different tissue proteins have relatively uniform proton-accepting power under the conditions used, and that they behave in general like relatively weak bases. The ability of tissue proteins to determine the staining color of certain dyes provides a possible explanation for some instances of metachromasia.

Submitted on April 7, 1958


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